LMR10 Theory of Operation
The LMR-10 is designed to monitor REAL input power which depends on the input power factor. This method of power monitoring (unlike a simple current measurement) provides a wealth of useful information concerning such quantities as:
Torque
Pressure
Flow
Viscosity
Load
Feed Rate
Overload
Underload
Start of Process
End of Process
Pressure
Flow
Viscosity
Load
Feed Rate
Overload
Underload
Start of Process
End of Process
The LMR-10 does NOT simply measure CURRENT as in many other load protection relays on the market. The LMR-10 measures POWER which is a linear quantity, a change in load will thus provide a direct change in power.
Simply monitoring motor currents for example does not give a linear function of load. At small loads the motor current does not vary a great deal - the quantity that changes is the motor power factor (PF). This can vary typically from 0.1 to 0.9 for most motors as load changes from no-load to full load. The power factor is the Cosine of the angle (or delay) between the motor voltage and motor current - In most motors the current always LAGS the voltage.
For most motors the power factor will improve as the load is increased in a NON - LINEAR fashion as shown below. Figures 1 and 2 below illustrate the effect of measuring the motor power as compared to measuring the motor current when the load is varied from no-load to full-load.
Simply monitoring motor currents for example does not give a linear function of load. At small loads the motor current does not vary a great deal - the quantity that changes is the motor power factor (PF). This can vary typically from 0.1 to 0.9 for most motors as load changes from no-load to full load. The power factor is the Cosine of the angle (or delay) between the motor voltage and motor current - In most motors the current always LAGS the voltage.
For most motors the power factor will improve as the load is increased in a NON - LINEAR fashion as shown below. Figures 1 and 2 below illustrate the effect of measuring the motor power as compared to measuring the motor current when the load is varied from no-load to full-load.
The typical motor current verses load curve is highly
non-linear, certainly not a good indicator of motor shaft
power load or torque. Current changes are relatively
insensitive to changes in load and therefore does not
provide very useful information about the true load
conditions which may be very critical in some cases.
Motors are too often significantly “over-sized” in most applications, this results in two major problems (1) there is potential for the motor to provide damaging
overloads to its feeding gearboxes, drive components
and critical plant machinery without the motor itself
becoming overloaded or damaged in any way. (2) under-loaded motors are very inefficient and waste energy, most plant operators never know this unless
they can monitor their energy consumption.
Therefore you need to have a good measure of “true motor shaft power”, power factor and enrgy consumed.
non-linear, certainly not a good indicator of motor shaft
power load or torque. Current changes are relatively
insensitive to changes in load and therefore does not
provide very useful information about the true load
conditions which may be very critical in some cases.
Motors are too often significantly “over-sized” in most applications, this results in two major problems (1) there is potential for the motor to provide damaging
overloads to its feeding gearboxes, drive components
and critical plant machinery without the motor itself
becoming overloaded or damaged in any way. (2) under-loaded motors are very inefficient and waste energy, most plant operators never know this unless
they can monitor their energy consumption.
Therefore you need to have a good measure of “true motor shaft power”, power factor and enrgy consumed.
The curve in Figure 2 above clearly illustrates the linear nature of motor power verses motor load.
The LMR10 is designed to measure true motor power it does this using proprietary electronic circuits in order to obtain a value for true motor shaft power or torque and provides a linear signal that is directly proportional to power transferred to the load. The circuit design is analogue based and an inherently fast reposnse is attained in order to produce very useful information about motor loading. This signal processing tells us about the true motor load conditions which may acted upon very quickly.
In addition the LMR10 also provides an optional 4-20mA output signal which may be used for indicating purposes and or further processing. Plant operators and systems administrators now have a very valuable protection and monitoring system available to them.
The LMR10 is designed to measure true motor power it does this using proprietary electronic circuits in order to obtain a value for true motor shaft power or torque and provides a linear signal that is directly proportional to power transferred to the load. The circuit design is analogue based and an inherently fast reposnse is attained in order to produce very useful information about motor loading. This signal processing tells us about the true motor load conditions which may acted upon very quickly.
In addition the LMR10 also provides an optional 4-20mA output signal which may be used for indicating purposes and or further processing. Plant operators and systems administrators now have a very valuable protection and monitoring system available to them.
Figure 1 - Motor Current is not a linear function of motor load
Figure 2 - LMR10 provides a linear function to motor load
HOW POWER IS CALCULATED
Power is the rate at which WORK is done and is therefore equivalent to the product of force and velocity. In rotational systems Torque is the product of force and the radius at which it is applied.
Real Power = V x I x CosQ (Watts)
Apparent Power = V x I (Volt Amps)
Note: For 3 phase Loads P = V x I x CosQ x 1.73
Power Factor = Real Power = Watts
Apparent power VA
PF = Cos Q
V = Voltage
I = Current
Cos Q = Power Factor ( 0 - 1 )
1 HP (Horse Power) = 746 Watts "real power"
The relationship between Torque and Power (or Horse Power HP) is given by;
Motor Torque T = HP x 5250 /N
Where N=Speed(RPM)
Power is the rate at which WORK is done and is therefore equivalent to the product of force and velocity. In rotational systems Torque is the product of force and the radius at which it is applied.
Real Power = V x I x CosQ (Watts)
Apparent Power = V x I (Volt Amps)
Note: For 3 phase Loads P = V x I x CosQ x 1.73
Power Factor = Real Power = Watts
Apparent power VA
PF = Cos Q
V = Voltage
I = Current
Cos Q = Power Factor ( 0 - 1 )
1 HP (Horse Power) = 746 Watts "real power"
The relationship between Torque and Power (or Horse Power HP) is given by;
Motor Torque T = HP x 5250 /N
Where N=Speed(RPM)
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